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　一带一路倡议外文翻译文献

　文献信息：

　文献标题：One Belt One Road Initiative: New Route on China’s Change of Course to Growth（一带一路倡议：中国改革发展新路子）

　国外作者：Cem Nalbantoglu 文献出处：

　《Open Journal of Social Sciences》,2017,5,87-99 字数统计：英文 2356 单词，12170 字符；中文 3868 汉字

　外文文献：

　One Belt One Road Initiative: New Route on China’s Change of Course to Growth Abstract China’s One Belt One Road Initiative (OBOR) is an inclusive project that is pregnant to profound changes for International Political Economy but also for Chinese Political Economy. In 21st Century, when Chinese Political Economy is observed, it is to be seen that engines of the economy that once led China to development become the very problems that are distorting the development and growth today. Those problems make the “challenges

　of China” and they are deeply connected to each other making local operations ineffective in long term solutions. Hence, China is in need of a restructuring in social and economic architecture of the country that will not only enable a grand solution to those challenges but that will also guarantee the stability in domestic affairs. By employing One Belt One Road Initiative, China aims to achieve peace and harmony in her domestic structures regarding economy and society. Therefore, China’s domestic challenges render One Belt One Road Initiative essential for the survival of a stable China. Keywords One Belt One Road Initiative, Chinese Political Economy, China’s Development, Domestic Challenge

　 1.Introduction

　一带一路倡议外文翻译文献

　Cold War has shaped the International Relations in a way that bipolar world politics has started to be accepted as given. Any rising power in the international arena

　has been interpreted as either consolidator or a challenge to American dominated status quo (Chuntao, 2014). For that reason, China’s rise in international political economy has given way to a number of interpretations in which “China Threat” theories gathered lots of supporters (Huntington, 1997: p.207). In that regard, with Xi Jinping’s annunciation of “New Silk Road” and “21st Century Maritime Silk Road” projects—which will be hereafter referred as Belt and Road or One Belt One Road Initiative — in 2013, international community has started to discuss the implications of the Belt and Road Initiative not only for the international political economy but also for the world politics. Even rising apprehension in International Relations gave rise to theories that assimilated One Belt One Road Initiative to China’ s

　Marshall Plan. Hence, having learned from Second World War and Cold War, China’s new Initiative was predicted to be a first step towards the establishment of a hegemonic bloc (Banarjee, 2016). Today, Chinese economy and society are challenged with a number of problems that rooted in the economic factors that were once built on purpose to accelerate the development of the country. In that regard, as de Lisle and Goldstein (de Lisle & Goldstein, 2015: pp. 16-18) claims huge gap among classes, uneven development in different regions, unsustainability of current economic model, environmental problems and increasing energy demand have started to push Beijing to adopt a new strategy not only to keep a sustainable economic environment but also to achieve a harmonious society that is not threatened by the rising tensions of economy (de Lisle & Goldstein, 2015: pp. 1-18) . In this work, it is seen that those challenges that are threatening the stability of China with regards to economy and society, are interdependent and interconnected. Therefore, a step by step methodology would remain ineffective by failing to create a long term solution. However, with One Belt One Road Initiative, China will be able to transit its economy and society by using it as a grand tool that will affect every sphere of the problems. Hence, this work claims One Belt One Road to be not only a project

　一带一路倡议外文翻译文献

　that is solely pregnant to implementations on international politics and economy but also containing factors that are essential to survival of a stable and healthy environment in domestic economy and society. One Belt One Road Initiative is seen as an Initiative that looks out for the China’s internal problems, rather than the matters regarding foreign policy. For this reason, even though One Belt One Road Initiative’s possible effects on world politics and international political economy are also elaborated on, main focus will be on the contemporary challenges ahead of China. By comprehending the China ’s challenges in the 21st century, it is called that One Belt One Road Initiative ’s essential roles will be better understood; One Belt One Road Initiative is a fixer for China’s domestic challenges. 2.

　Development of China and What Are the Challenges She Is Facing Today

　It is to be noted that observation of the fast track development contemporary China can prove the policies taken in the opening up era successful, but it is also for sure that they have created a number of complications. To start with, with the continuing emphasize on industrialization, heavy industrialization has become the motor of the growth. In that regard Yulu argues, even though after China’s membership

　to

　World Trade Organization

　in

　2000

　the

　share

　of

　net

　exports

　in the economy has greatly increased, investment is still highest in the world %48 percent (The Guardian, 2014) . With little share on domestic consumption, Chinese economy is heavily depended on investments and net exports that are conditioned on industrial capacity. Secondly, with the priority of development given to Eastern cities, mostly by special economic zones, Western cities couldn’t develop as fast as the Eastern China. As

　the

　northern

　China

　Heilong

　Jiang,

　Jilin,

　Inner

　Mongolia,

　Liaoning

　as

　well as Xinjiang were full of fossil energy resources such as coal and natural gas, they couldn’t develop since their main function for the Chinese economy was mainly based on energy production which was hardly more than setting mines and factories (Business Week, 2013). Likewise, similar to Northern provinces, Central China also remained relatively less developed as cities in this region depended on industrial and agricultural production (Huang, 2015: pp. 84). So in whole China, development was

　一带一路倡议外文翻译文献

　correlated to the attraction of business and cost of the business done in the city. With fewer wages and less attraction to businesses, Western and Center Provinces have either remained undeveloped or become less developed compared to Easter Provinces (Cooper, 2008, p. 4). Finally, in order to ensure the continuation of high growth rates for the following decades since the opening up era, China guaranteed cheap labor and abundant work force available to market by taking different social policies in action such as the “Hukou” household registration. Household registration system partially prevented a big migrant population that migrated to Eastern, more developed cities, by putting serious drawbacks ahead of them in different spheres such as education and health services if they moved to another city without registration (Huang, 2015). As a result, not only Hukou partially prevented a migrant population emerging in a greater numbers, but also it continued to destabilize the population in the less developed regions which in return compelled them to lower life standards (Liang, 2015: pp. 42-45).

　As it can be seen from Table 1, China is challenged in various ways today (Row C, representing “Challenges”). Challenges in front of China are categorized under “Imbalance in Industrial Structure”, “Environmental Problems”, “Inequality Among Regions”, Income Inequality”,“Low Domestic Consumption Rates”,“Lack of

　Jobs

　for

　White

　Collar

　Workers”,

　“Unsustainable

　Economic Development”. Although those problems are categorized differently, it is to note that they are interrelated as they are composed of shared factors (Column F,

　representing

　一带一路倡议外文翻译文献

　“Factors”.

　 3.

　OBOR and Its Implications on China Domestically

　If

　One Belt One Road Initiative is

　regarded, a number of uses of the Initiative become apparent for China. To start with, through OBOR transactional costs will be reduced both inside and outside of China. As claimed by Qiren (Qiren, 2013) for China to increase her development without going through an expansion in industrialization—by number of factories and number of production —China can gain simply by reducing transactional costs. Secondly, as it is regarded that China is heavily depended coal,

　petroleum

　and natural

　gas resources are utterly important in responding to growing hunger of industry in the country. Through One Belt One Road Initiative, China will not only be able to reach to the resources in Middle East and Central Asia but by the Belt and Road Initiative she will be able to secure their continuation and availability in the international market (Simpfendorfer, 2009: pp. 28-31). Next, Initiative is to contribute and incite the development of central and western regions. Belt and Road’s main destinations inside the China are Yiwu, Xian, Chongqing

　and

　Urumqi.

　Becoming a

　center of

　trade, those

　cities

　are

　likely to

　 be followed by increased development as they will be more attractive to businesses and collect investments. Likewise, these cities will be given priority in development by

　the central government in order to quicken the progress (BOCOM International, 2015). Similar to development of disadvantaged regions, urbanization will also be boosted. By developing the Western and Central China, rural population will gradually decrease in order to benefit from the increasing wages and life standards that are to come with the development in cities. Similarly, given the socio economic problems such as Hukou registration, migrant population in the East is to be reduced in this way creating farther solutions to overcrowding, wage cuts, and employment (Geis & Holt, 2009). Another effect that OBOR is expected to have is the employment opportunities for white and blue collar workers ...

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